Iced coffee Essay

The global spread of coffee growing and drinking all started with a curious goat and that’s what legends say. 9th century Ethiopian goat herder Kaldi drank a concoction made from the beans after seeing his energetic goats eat them. The Sufi monks of Yemen in the 15th century were said to drink it as well. During the 17th century when coffee was introduced to Europe, the popularity of cafes followed the same pattern as most coffee houses around the world. It quickly became a venue for people to congregate, exchange views, write poems, plays, and political testaments, conduct business transactions, participate in cultural exchange and often relax with a good book. The popularity of coffee shop had served as a mailing address, because many people were regulars. When you want to go to exchange news, share ideas and get advice, you go to a coffee shop. It has been that way for quite some time. Coffee shops had been places of learning; of making business deals; scientific, literary, political, philosophical, and economic discussions; and even the typical gossip. At the beginning of the nineteenth century nearly all coffee exported on the world market was produced by European colonies. Two-thirds came from French colonies. But despite the fact that the following century would witness what Eric Hobsbawm called â€Å"The Age of Empire† and Lance Davis termed â€Å"high imperialism†, colonialism would cease being important in coffee production. (Though colonies certainly continued to be vital to the production of tea and sugar. ) This occurred precisely at the same time that coffee consumption rose vertiginously in most European colonial powers. Coffee was treated differently than sugar and rubber in the nineteenth century Age of Empire because its low technological demands meant that an independent country richly endowed with the factors of production, Brazil, could begin producing on an unprecedented scale. Cheap fertile land and slave labor allowed coffee prices to plummet after 1820 and remain low until the last quarter of the century creating supply-induced demand. Brazil’s exports jumped 75 fold between independence in 1822 and 1899. World consumption grew more than 15 fold in the nineteenth century. Consumers were not very price conscious because they were long buffered from recognizing the price. If they drank in cafes, they were unaware of the type of coffee they were drinking. As the price of one sort rose, cafe owners often blended in cheaper substitute grades rather than raise their price. he same seems to have been true for grocers. Rather than risk losing their clientele, they competed on blends, not on price. They also sought to keep prices constant. Price rises were often not passed on to the consumer. Instead, cheaper blends were used or grocers reduced their profit margin. Moreover, as coffee sipping became customary and even habit-forming, it was transformed into a necessity for many. As a result, coffee in the twentieth century became price and income inelastic. Thus we are presented with the irony that the international coffee market at the turn of the twentieth century, one of the world’s largest commodity markets, was relatively price inelastic (within in a reasonably large range) at both the production and the consumption end, though profit-driven commercial and industrial intermediaries were extremely conscious of price. In other words, it was quite imperfect. The Philippine Coffee Company (PCC) says the first coffee tree was introduced in Lipa, Batangas, in 1740 by a Spanish Franciscan monk and soon spread to neighboring towns of Ibaan, Lemery, San Jose, Taal, and Tanauan. â€Å"Batangas owed much of its wealth to the coffee plantations in these areas and Lipa eventually became the coffee capital of the Philippines. We are one of the few countries that produces the four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica (Barako), Excelsa, and Robusta. This is attributed to the country’s climate and soil ranging from the lowlands of southern Luzon to the mountain ranges of the Cordillera and Mindanao. â€Å"In 1880, the Philippines was the fourth largest exporter of coffee beans, and when the coffee rust hit Brazil, Africa, and Java, it became the only source of coffee beans worldwide,† PCC says. Our glory days as one of the world’s coffee centers lasted until 1889 when coffee rust hit the Philippine shores, coupled with an insect infestation. Production plunged to 1/6th its original amount. By then, Brazil had regained its position as the world’s leading producer of coffee. A few of the surviving coffee seedlings were transferred from Batangas to Cavite, where they flourished. Our ranking fell because many of the coffee growing areas – like rice fields and salt beds of Las Pinas – were eaten by housing and commercial developments. Less area was allotted to coffee because farmers had shifted to other cash crops. Today’s Coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages. Some claim it is the most widely consumed liquid in the world aside from water. Coffee’s success as a beverage undoubtedly owes both to the caffeine it harbors and to its sensory pleasure. Coffee lovers come to associate the energizing lift of the caffeine with the richness and aroma of the beverage that delivers it. In our culture, bookstores are also seen as social, intellectual and downright hip. Many bookstores are a place of community where people gather and know one another and talk. The atmosphere in a bookstore typically invites customers to relax and browse the shelves. The concept of a bookstore and coffee house is a good combination that will perfectly gives the bookworm persons and a coffee lover the opportunity to purchase their favorite titles and discover new books while relaxing and enjoying a cup of coffee. The Company is then formed because of the said conceptualized idea and inspiration. COMPANY PROFILE The name of the company will be CTB that stands for COFFEE, TABLE, BOOK. The company’s name was originated from the idea of coffee table book which means a hardcover book that is intended to sit on a coffee table or similar surface in an area where guests sit and are entertained, thus inspiring conversation or alleviating boredom. They tend to be oversized and of heavy construction, since there is no pressing need for portability. The Company CTB will be a combination of piles of books ready for reading and a comfortable cafe that provides place for bookworms to sip coffee and talk with their friends while enjoying their books. It is a modern type of library and a much more public place for reading with a twist for having a cafe in it. It is a very interesting place for a person who wants to meet new people who are also interested in reading, studying and exploring new things and ideas through books. The cafe is really just an addition to the whole idea. It gives new impression to reading. Reading with a cup of coffee or tea with you is a lot better than reading without anything to drink or eat. It’s a higher level of coming into a public place to look for interesting books and a cafe with it. TAGLINE â€Å"Cool your coffee and bring it closer to your heart and mind. † Our tagline represents our business in the most promising way. We decided to state it as cool your coffee, â€Å"cool† meaning call your coffee. Cool because we want it to be mind-teasing and catchy so that customers will notice the line and think. Call your coffee and order it in the CTB shop to relax while reading your favorite novels and bring it closer to your heart and mind. Customers will definitely bring it closer to their heart because the coffee goes to the heart and down to the veins of an individual. The heart and the mind as we all know, is really Like Coffee, Table, Books shop, customers will hold our business close to their hearts and mind, remembering every moment they’ve had with us. Every learning they will earn with what they have read, we are assuring them that they will treasure everything we have shared with them forever. LOCATION The CTB store is located in 1199 unit 5 ground flr. Lemon Square Building, Edsa, Munoz Quezon City with the size of 102. 50 square meters. There are adequate parking space and have reasonably priced per square meter. Rental payments as well additional payment will be stated within the leasing terms including the registration of utilities and amenities. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION VISION To become the foremost Coffee shop in the local and international industry providing the best products and high quality experience. MISSION. To create a unique, comfortable and relaxing environment while enjoying the best hot and cold coffee drinks at an affordable price making it perfect. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES †¢ To increase the frequency of customers’ visitations. †¢ To maintain positive sales growth and increase market share. †¢ Increase brand awareness †¢ To open new branches of stores nationwide every year. †¢ To ensure that equipments used for cold and hot coffee drinks are well-maintained and in good condition. †¢ Develop new products and innovate services yearly. †¢ Develop an increase in sales while achieving a status quo state and decrease in marketing expenses. †¢ To create a cozy and relaxing ambiance. †¢ To give seminars and trainings to employees and retain their Standard Operating Procedures. †¢ To improve promotional activities and advertisements quarterly †¢ To listen and implement feedbacks, suggestions and opinions of customers for the improvement and betterment of the business. COMPANY’S FORM OF ORGANIZATION The company CTB is a sole proprietor type of business because the owner’s primary purpose is to generate profit. A sole proprietorship is a business owned by a single individual. This sole owner is responsible for the entire business and accepts complete responsibility for the business’s liabilities, as well as its income. Unlike other legal structures, the sole proprietorship requires less paperwork and is subject to few business restrictions and regulations. ? Characteristics of Sole Proprietor Management and Control A sole proprietorship is operated by a single individual; thus, the sole proprietor has exclusive management and control of the business. Personal Liability A sole proprietor is personally liable for all obligations and debts of the business. Thus, the business assets and personal assets of the sole proprietor are subject to the risks of the business. Moreover, in California, if the owner is married, the martial community property is at risk and subject to attachment by creditors. If the business is conducted under a name which does not show the owner’s surname or implies the existence of additional owners, the owner is required to file a fictitious name certificate and publish a notice in the newspapers. Capitalization There are no rules governing capitalization of a sole proprietorship. Continuity of Existence The sole proprietorship continues as long as the sole proprietor desires to operate the business and is legally competent. If the business owner is adjudged legally incompetent, becomes incapacitated, or dies, the sole proprietorship ceases to exist. An owner may sell the business as he or she chooses. Taxation A sole proprietor is taxed on business income and may deduct allowable business expenses on his or her personal income tax return. ? Advantages of Sole Proprietor Easy formation: The formation of sole proprietorship business is very easy and simple. No legal formalities are involved for setting up the business excepting a license or permission in certain cases. The entrepreneur with initiative and certain amount of capital can set up such form of business. Direct motivation: The entrepreneur owns all and risks all. The entire profit goes to his pocket. This motivates the proprietor to put his heart and soul in the business to earn more profit. Thus, the direct relationship between effort and reward motivates the entrepreneur to manage the business more efficiently and effectively. Better control: The entrepreneur takes all decisions affecting the business. He chalks out the plan and executes the same. His eyes are on everything and everyone. There is no scope for laxity. This results in better control of the business and ultimately leads to efficiency. Promptness in decision-making: When the decision is to be taken by one person, it is sure to be quick. Thus, the entrepreneur as sole proprietor can arrive at quick decisions concerning the business by which he can take the advantage of any better opportunities. Secrecy: Each and every aspect of the business is looked after by the proprietor and the business secrets are known to him only. He has no legal obligation to publish his accounts. Thus, the maintenance of adequate secrecy leaves no scope to his competitors to be aware of the business secrets. Flexibility in operations: The sole proprietorship business is undertaken on a small scale. If any change is required in business operations, it is easy and quick to bring the changes. Scope for personal touch: There is scope for personal relationship with the entrepreneur and customers in sole proprietorship business. Since the scale of operations is small and the employees work under his direct supervision, the proprietor maintains a harmonious relationship with the employees. Similarly, the proprietor can know the tastes, likes and dislikes of the customers because of his personal rapport with the customers. Inexpensive formation and management: The cost of formation of a sole proprietorship is the minimum because no cost is involved in its formation excepting the license fee in certain cases. The management of the business is also inexpensive as no specialists are normally appointed in various functional areas of the business which is the added advantages. Free from Government control: Sole proprietorship is the least regulated form of business. Regulated laws are almost negligible in its formation, day-to-day operation and dissolution. Easy dissolution: Like that of formation, the dissolution of the sole proprietorship is also very easy. Since the proprietor is the supreme authority and no regulations are applicable for closure of the business he can dissolve his business any time he likes. Socially desirable: New and small entrepreneurs can take up business on small- scale basis. There will be no scope for concentration of wealth in few hands. Sole proprietorship continues its operation in almost each and every area of business activity and caters to the need of the society. Further, it provides ample opportunities for large-scale self-employment for rural and less skilled personnel. Thus, it is socially desirable. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CTB will offer its customers the best tasting coffee beverages in the area. This will be achieved by using high-quality ingredients and strictly following preparation guidelines. The store layout, menu listings and marketing activities will be focused on maximizing the sales of higher margin espresso drinks. Along with the espresso drinks, brewed coffee, as well as some refreshment beverages will be sold in the coffee shop. CTB will also offer its clients, cookies, muffins, sandwiches and bread. On the other hand, the store offerings will be supplemented by small range of books, magazine and other references that customers can read while drinking coffee. Sandwiches and Breads Muffins Cookies Croissants Donuts PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Product Research and Development Plan of CTB will provide a clear framework of challenging targets for the consumer over the next years. Strategic view of the needs and opportunities to achieve outcomes that meet the expectations of industry will be the key to the success of this plan. Within the next two years, the company was expected to branch out in different areas of Metro Manila and other provinces. As seasons change, CTB will be offering products that will enhance sales and satisfy its customers’ desires. During summer months, CTB will subsidize lower hot beverage sales with frozen coffee drinks, as well as soft drinks, and other cold beverages. CTB will also have special beverages during holiday seasons. The CTB will carry a variety of quality products that will enable to provide full service delivery to espresso stands and coffee houses that will be offered 1 year after the store was established. The company’s underlying philosophy in selecting products is to choose lines that will bring consistent quality, competitive prices, and product satisfaction to our customers. The coffee shop trend continues because there is a huge demand for it. If you took a road trip across America, you would find coffee shops on just about every corner. While the biggest and most well-known chain is Starbucks, you will also see many mom-and-pop coffee shops or small coffee shop stands. Even gas stations sell coffee to truckers and other travelers on the road. Brazil has by far the most coffee drinkers worldwide, so you will certainly notice that the coffee shop trends are very popular in Brazil. Some people even say that they can smell the aroma of coffee in the air. Coffee with no sugar or added creamers has no calories, and coffee shops have come up with the trend of offering many coffee drinks and treats that are low-fat. Our generation grew up thinking of coffee as a morning pick-me-up and after dinner drink for adults only. The 18-24 year old group has a different view of coffee, thanks to the coffee shop culture. Where older generations gathered at the local soda shop, these kids made the local coffee shop their afternoon hangout. Starbucks and other local chains improved their coffees with flavors, sugar and many creams. This makes their coffee more appealing to the younger crowd. As those kids graduate from high school and move on to college, they’re finding that their love of coffee moves along with them. MARKETING STRATEGY CTB’s marketing strategy will be focused at getting new customers, retaining the existing customers, getting customers to spend more and come back more often. Establishing a loyal customer base is of a paramount importance since such customer core will not only generate most of the sales but also will provide favorable referrals. |Iced Coffee |Hot Chocolate |Chocolate |Sandwiches and Breads | |Latte |Hot Vanilla |Mocha |Muffins | |Frap | |Vanilla |Cookies | |Espresso | |Cookies and Cream |Croissants | | | |Hazelnut |Donuts | †¢ POSITIONING The company will be positioned as a brand providing high quality products at reasonable prices for busy, mobile people whose time is already at a premium, but desires refreshing beverages in a welcoming space that fosters a warm, comfortable and professional environment. †¢ DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL Distribution channels move products and services from businesses to consumers and to other businesses. Given the importance of distribution channels along with the limited resources generally available to small businesses it is particularly important for entrepreneurs to make a careful assessment of their channel alternatives, because an effective channel of distribution strategy is also a major contributing factor for the success of any business entity to be established. Raw materials will be purchased from the suppliers and then delivered to the house of the sole proprietor for storage. The ingredients needed for the production of the final product are made available at the food stall processed into a final product to be served to the customers. The proposed business can offer and acquire sales directly from the market because it has the advantage of having the direct contact with the consumer. †¢ ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS We would adopt the following promotion strategies: o Loyalty Cards. o Coffee Feedback Cards o Refills only half the price o Coffee tasting event promotion o Seasonal product promotion o Meal-Focused Promotions o Provide Complementary Services and Products o Print Advertisements in different designated locations o Social Networking (engage fans in twitter, Facebook, Youtube and other photo sharing sites. ) MANAGEMENT PLAN Background and primary responsibilities of the management team In any business, employees have important roles in an organization towards achieving the business’s goal. The management aspect of COFFEE,TABLE,BOOK or CTB is composed of proposed techniques and strategies that will be used for the improvement of its employees. These can be done through proper hiring and training of workers. Every employee have their specific duties and responsibilities in building up a business. There will be a designated work and section for each of them in a period of time. The shuffling of assigned tasks are expected for the employees’ versatility and for them to be an effective, efficient and knowledgeable about their jobs. With proper utilization of its resources, it would be sure that the company will yield its expected return of income. The success of this project lies on the efficient and effective use of human resources in the following functions of management such as planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The top management of the business shall carry out its responsibilities by governing its employees and being responsible in taking in to actions the policies of the company. Also, they will be in charge of monitoring and supervising the trainees and former employees as well. It is very substantial to know the capacity and capability of the people working inside the organization and their manner of interrelationship with other employees as well as with the management. A manager will look after the employees and will assure that every employee are working and striving for the business standards. Overall, every person shall work effectively and contribute skills in order to achieve success of the organization. CTB Coffee,Table,Book [pic] by: Busita, Lorica R. Dionco, Criselda Marie A. Dumencel, Roshell B. Reyes, Jenny Lyn M. Rivera, Juvia Katte M.

Going to College Essay

Going to college really does open a new chapter in everyone life, the beginning of new friendships, opportunities and growth. As a college student, a new student will be introduced to new areas of interest, broaden his vision of possibilities, establish and accomplish goals, develop lifelong friendships and define him or her in ways that he can imagine. Anyone on Earth already asked, or will ask himself where he would be in 10, 20 or even 30 years down the road. It is hard enough imagining what his life is going to be like in a year or two. Questions like â€Å"Where do you want to be today, tomorrow and in the future?† might be hard ones for young teenagers, who just graduated from high school. Attending college will help anyone answer those questions, develop a realistic plan for accomplishing his goals, and equip him with the knowledge and skills he will needs to see his goals through to the end. We usually assume that a college degree is necessary when it is not actually. We can also noticed that, because we place so much emphasis on degrees, people who have not attended college think of themselves badly, and this lack of self-confidence can really impede their success. There are some people for whom the college is actually not the best way to learn. However, a college education is an opportunity for everyone to learn what he loves. A new student can actually take the time to enjoy learning what he is truly passionate about. If he is interested in a variety of things and he is not sure where to focus, he can take his time to try them all. Nobody should look at college as a long-term contract that he is not going to be able to get out of once he starts. Anyone should feel like he needs to decide on a major area of study before starting college. College is a time for everyone to test himself, explore his interests, see what the possibilities are, and to see what he can achieve. Most other students attending college are going to be in the exact same boat . There are also a variety of resources, provided by most universities, to help anyone through college, including academic advisors, professors accessible on campus, tutoring academic support, full-time counseling staff and more. While the prospect of attending college may seem a bit daunting and even suffocating, a graduated high school teenager should not forget that he will still get to live his life. He will be able to participate in a variety of extracurricular activities, social groups, maintain a job, or even pursue a career while completing his studies. He may even find that college ends up being much more enjoyable and fulfilling than he ever expected. There are additional reasons as to why it is important to go to college. When students experience a post-secondary education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. This stimulation encourages students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas. So, â€Å"why should you go to college?† The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A good education is beneficial from many different viewpoints. If any teenager is still asking himself why he should go to college, it is important to remember the significant amount of opportunity available for college graduates. The global economy is becoming increasingly more competitive, and in order to give him the best chance for a well-paying job, he must first understand the importance of college education. Attending college provides students with the knowledge and experience they are unable to receive from a secondary education, and finding a way to fund a higher education now can pay off in a huge way in the years to come.

PetMeds Input Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PetMeds Input - Essay Example In the pet medication industry, the buying power of customer is high because of the presence of different competing products, other substitutes and less differentiated products (Porter, 1985). Suppliers are another critical input of the organization. PetMed is primarily a marketer of prescription and non-prescription pet medications, and other health products direct to consumers. It does not manufacture its own product. The company purchases its products from different sources such as manufacturers, domestic distributors and wholesalers. Its goal is to obtain the lowest cost of goods by having multiple suppliers for each product. The bargaining power of suppliers is low for the company because it can switch suppliers quickly at a lower cost (Porter, 1985). However, the threat of forward integration where manufacturers would sell their own products directly to consumers and compete with PetMed's products is high. This threat will not guarantee the supply of the company's products to meet customers' demands. Prescription pet medications are governed by state laws and state regulations. PetMed requires different licenses in different states in order to sell and deliver prescription medications. The company's failure in obtaining or renewing such licenses would hamper its sales and cease its distribution of pet medications. Reprimands, sanctions, probations, fines and suspensions from the regulatory bodies could have material adverse effect on the operations of the company and the reputation of its brands. (PetMed Express Inc, 2009) For most industries, the level of profitability is determined by competition between the firms in the industry (Sadler, 2003). Pet medications industry is competitive and highly fragmented. PetMed's industry rivals include veterinarians, traditional retailers, mail-order and online retailers of pet medications. Aggressive price competition occurs because of the diversity of competitors and largely undifferentiated products. The sales performance of the PetMed will be greatly affected the sales performance of their competition. Resources The resources are the individual assets of the firm which includes human resource, capital resource, technology, information and brand name(Sadler, 2003). PetMed offers its products through the Internet, contact center and direct mail-order catalogues. Customer care representatives and marketing employees are essential to the operations of the company in retaining and expanding the customer base. Effective training sessions of their representatives become a competitive advantage of the company against its rivals. The marketing activities are aimed at building brand recognition, increasing customer traffic and building strong customer loyalty (Best, 1997). As a marketer, PetMed exploits the different technologies available to promote their products. This includes television advertising, direct mail, email and online marketing. The brand is made available to Internet consumers by purchasing targeted keywords and optimizing search engine placement. As a distributor, the company has an in-house fulfillment and distribution system that manages the entire supply chain. As a retailer, it utilizes integrated technologies in call centers, e-commerce, order entry, and inventory control. The technology and information

Answer questions related to psycholgy subject Coursework

Answer questions related to psycholgy subject - Coursework Example According to the video, a teenager needs more than nine hours of sleep for his well-being. My parents always made sure that I get enough sleep especially during my exams. Although the quantity of time they spent with me in my teenage was less as they were both working; still, the quality of time they spent communicating with me was high which compensated for their not being present 24/7. Sometimes, I wished they could talk to me more often when I would feel stressed out or emotionally disturbed. The only thing that I wish my parents would have done in my teenage is taking me out so that we could spend some time together outdoors as well. I have learned that, in order to reduce stress, it is important to drag myself to relax physically and mentally. I should do meditation or yoga function to de-stress myself. I should calm down my muscles and tell myself to relax no matter how much stress I am into. Since stress affects one’s ability to increase blood pressure and shut down pregnancy, it is something I should manage to save future inconveniences. High blood pressure cause cardiac problems which I definitely would not like to have, thus I will learn stress management techniques. How much control should parents have over their child’s genetic makeup is decided by Nature and not by the parents. No parents till date have been able to create the best baby according to their desires by manipulating with the genes, as the video says. Scientists believe that man knows very little of the complex machine that carries genes, and playing with genes is rather more complex. Man has been able to genetically modify animals and plants, but making changes to the genetic makeup of a child has not been possible as yet. Parents might want to operate with their unborn child’s genes but Nature has not given them full control over the genetic machinery. To foster healthy relationship with children, parents need to enjoy the bonding they share with them, play with them,

Multiple parts short answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Multiple parts short answer - Essay Example Low ph would, therefore, increase the growth of vibrio cholerae. With continue administration of lethal 50 dose, the bacteria in the body obtain a way to survive in its presence as they get used to it. They, therefore, produce molecules that are known as virulence factors, which enable them to colonize the host. The process occurs when the pathogenic bacteria, vibrio cholerae in this case spreads the virulence factors through the genetic elements that are mobile. The genes are transferred horizontally making the harmless genes obtain the harmful chromosomes from the vibrio cholerae. Through the process, the lethal dose 50% becomes ineffective and has to be changed. 1. Escherichia coli strain A and Escherichia coli strain B are structurally different in their amino acid composition. E. coli A has one polypeptide chain that contains 177 amino acids while the latter has 153 residues (Lowry et al, p 36). The higher weight of E. coli A makes it destructive to its host. 3. The symbiotic relationship between the host and the bacterial pathogen is through the way the host provides the bacteria a habitat and food. The bacterial pathogen facilitates normal physiology in the

Interpersonal Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal Conflict - Essay Example The problem was that there were misunderstandings and miscommunications because she made a conclusion on her initial observations and she did not even give us time to explain our side. I was already trying to say something but she kept on going about how wrong our actions were and we were not supposed to be listening to other people's conversation. I was quiet but inside I was bursting to tell her about how wrong she was regarding her assumption and that she, too, were listening to other people's conversation. After our talk—or rather, after my friend and I listened and she said things—I felt annoyed with her because it was useless having that talk if she was the only one talking. She was being sensitive and insensitive at the same time. Also, she was not understanding the situation because she was just letting her emotions mix up with her logic. She was not being rational. Â  I think in her perspective she was seeing that we were obviously listening to her and that we were laughing at her. Also, since she heard only bits of the conversation, maybe she started sowing what data she had and then made a conclusion that were laughing at her because she was wrong. At the same time, I think she felt that maybe she needed to have a strong personality while she was talking to us so that we will not think that she was just some person we can laugh at. I think she thinks that she was telling us the right things and that we were very sorry that was why we were quiet.... Also, since she heard only bits of the conversation, maybe she started sowing what data she had and then made a conclusion that were laughing at her because she was wrong. At the same time, I think she felt that maybe she needed to have a strong personality while she was talking to us so that we will not think that she was just some person we can laugh at. I guess for her, the problem was that we were judgmental and disrespectful. I think the misunderstanding was caused by our youth and our inability to know when to make side comments and when not to. During the time that we were trying to settle the situation, since my friend and I were quiet, I think she thinks that she was telling us the right things and that we were very sorry that was why we were quiet. Personally, by comparing the two perspectives, I noticed that the issue was very simple to control and that it was easily fixed if we were able to do some things—both on my side and the girl's. Things like, if only my frie nd and I kept our voice down it would not have happened or if we just did not mind her it would not have started. At the same time, my friend and I should have been more assertive instead of just being quiet. On the other hand, she should have been more sensitive to let us explain our side. In other words, both parties had a fault, we were just too stubborn and too blinded by our own feelings to rationalize the situation and deal with it as smartly and as calmly as we could. Now that I am fully aware of the perspectives from both sides, I think if I were to remake that situation when we were trying to resolve the conflict it would sound like this: Me: Hey, you think we should talk to her? Friend: Yeah, I think we

Analyse the marriage of Charles and Emma in Madame Bovary Essay

Analyse the marriage of Charles and Emma in Madame Bovary - Essay Example Fresh from the love and romance of her books and her fantasies while she is in the convent, Emma expects her husband Charles to â€Å"initiate [her] into the forces of passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but he taught nothing†¦.knew nothing, desired nothing.† As a result, the reality that Emma confronts in her marriage and the interminable dullness set her into a pattern where she becomes ripe for adultery , as she wonders â€Å"just what was meant in real life, by the words felicity, passion and intoxication, which had seemed so beautiful to her in books.† (Flaubert Part I: Ch 5). Her marriage thus becomes a vague, ever present dullness from which she yearns to escape and it makes her a ripe candidate for adultery. Charles’ name â€Å"Bovary† itself appears to suggest the bovine nature of the man. He is dull and unimaginative, while Emma’s maiden name â€Å"Rouault† contains the French word for wheels and thereby suggests Emma’s passionate, exotic nature. What Emma expects from her marriage is a receptivity to her spirited nature so that â€Å"a sudden overflow would have poured from her heart as the ripe fruit falls from a tree when one lays hand to it.† What she finds however, is a dull man who has no imagination at all; although he means well, he is boring and clumsy. The ball given by the Marquis d’Aquevilliers is even more depression for Emma, as she watches the utter inadequacy of her husband to fit in with the nobility that Emma so much desires to be a part of, his smugness and ignorance dampen her ardor considerably. Charles decides to take his pretty young wife to the larger town of Yonville and hands over financial control to her, all i n the hope that she will be pleased.

Math vs English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math vs English - Essay Example This essay discusses that Math is a field of science that deals with counting, numbering, and different sorts of calculations. Math is applied in almost each and every deal in the everyday life. The knowledge of Math, at least basic, is necessary in order to be able to buy or sell things independently. The knowledge of Math helps an individual estimate the profit or loss made in a deal. Math is one of the oldest fields of science. Math is applied in a variety of other fields of science that include but are not limited to Physics and Chemistry. Math is one of the most fundamental and essential subjects taught in the coursework of Engineering. To facilitate the calculations, various tools have been introduced in the market including calculators and computers. Sometimes, Math is also used as a language e.g. binary language used in computers. Math is a very interesting subject taught in schools. English is a language. The importance of English can be estimated from the fact that it is an international language. In the present age of globalization, the importance of developing competence in English cannot be overemphasized. One needs at least basic knowledge of English language in order to be able to use a computer. English is a very easy and interesting language. While the basic format of the language is the same, English is spoken in a variety of accents in different parts of the world. There is a British accent, an American accent, and an Indian accent of English among others. The English language has modified over the passage of time in grammar, words, and dialect. Most international courses are delivered in the English language to enable a wider population of students to participate in them.

Chemistry Research Part 1 Acids Essay Example for Free

Chemistry Research Part 1 Acids Essay Ethanoic acid is non-toxic and is a weak acid [4], meaning it will not do any damage to most surfaces as it does not corrode or bind to other metals, therefore can be easily removed through washing or rinsing it [2]. Disadvantages: Ethanoic Acid is the slowest de-scaler of the three acids, and is therefore the least effective. It also may cause an unpleasant smell, and can have a negative effect on the taste of coffee [6] meaning one would need to spend longer time rinsing and cleaning the machine thoroughly to ensure that the taste of the coffee is not affected. Citric Acid Advantages: Citric acid leaves behind zero toxic residues and has just enough acidic concentration to descale without etching or damaging household surfaces in any way and there are no volatile compounds or products that harm the environment. Disadvantages: Because citric acid is a weak acid, it wont remove heavy build-up of scale very quickly. It is also a powder hence it must be dissolved for use. It also works best with hot water meaning there will be higher energy consumption. Even when used with hot water, citric acid is not as effective at descaling as Sulfamic acid. Sulfamic Acid Advantages: Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others, therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5], which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers remove limescale Limescale forms when hard water is heated above 61Â °C or when it is left to evaporate on surfaces such as taps and showerheads. Hard water is water that contains high quantities of calcium and magnesium ions. These hardness minerals, in the form of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, precipitate out of hard water to form limescale [1]. Therefore, to clean or remove limescale, something needs to dissolve or soften calcium carbonate and/or magnesium carbonate, so it can easily wash away. Acids cause mineral deposits such as rust to oxidise, thereby weakening them and making it possible to simply wash them away. Lime scale removers work by chemically reacting with the lime scale to form safe chemicals and ions. Lime scale is Calcium Carbonate, and when broken down by strong acids, produces Calcium Chloride, Water and CO2. These are much safer, and can be washed away with water, to remove the CaCl from the area. Bibliography [1] http://www.dynapipe.co.uk/how-to-remove-limescale.htm [2] http://www.coffeehomedirect.com/how/to/clean/a/coffee/maker/with/vinegar [3] http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7404899_delime-coffee-maker.html [4] http://incarinsurance.org/advantages/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-ethanoic-acid-as-a-descaler-.html [5] http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130123013345AA71LkB [6] http://www.p4c.philips.com/cgi-bin/dcbint/cpindex.pl?scy=ZA;slg=ENG;ctn=HD5405/60;dct=FAQ;refnr=0092154;view=aa12_view_partial.html;session=20120502004843_66.249.71.242;faqview=1

Public Honor vs. internal virtue Essay Example for Free

Public Honor vs. internal virtue Essay History has presented two different types of honor that have both been highly acceptable in their respective cultures. Christianity and the Bible put a great deal of emphasis on personal virtue, where one worries about themselves and not really anything else. This is in direct contrast to other cultures, however, where public virtue is a much more important part of society. In the play Julius Caesar, society rewards people who keep the whole in mind as opposed to keeping self in the most important place. The clash between public virtue and internal virtue is one that has created a personal struggle for many men in both of these societies, as well as in today’s society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Bible, those who followed Jesus Christ were urged to practice personal virtue, as opposed to overall public virtue. Even Jesus himself was a living example of this. He was known to go against the flow and in fact, that is what eventually got him crucified. He went through his life preaching his principles, which directly clashed with what the religious elders were telling people at the time. This goes against public virtue, because it caused a ruckus within society and shook up the order that was currently working in society. That was unimportant to Jesus Christ, though, as his main focus was on internal purity as opposed to looking out for the greater good. Still, his work did go towards the greater good, though. That is the interesting paradox that exists within this example. Though Christ’s primary focus was on internal virtue, the overall body of his work was highly focused on public virtue. This could not be evaluated until his work on earth was finished, though, as from the surface, it appeared that Christ was a divider, instead of a person who brought people together for the pursuit of a great good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A direct clash can be found if one looks at a story like Julius Caesar. Caesar was a leader that was loved by the majority of his people for the majority of his time in office. Eventually, he had to be taken down, though. He was not doing things as the leader of Rome that needed to be done in order to ensure that the people of that area had a fair shake. Because they knew this, the members of the Roman Senate like Brutus and Marc Anthony took it upon themselves to take action. They did not focus on doing the thing that was â€Å"right†, in regards to their own personal virtue. Instead, they threw aside those personal considerations in order to do something for the greater good of society at large. They assassinated Caesar in the most brutal manner possible in order to protect the people of Rome. In the time of Jesus, this would have been looked upon with a great deal of disgust, even though they were actually doing something good for society. Since they would have committed a personal wrong, basic Christian values would not have looked kindly upon their actions. In Roman society, where public virtue was given precedence over internal virtue, they were heroes, though. Brutus was a murderer by definition, but history looks upon him as a sympathetic and heroic figure. This speaks primarily to the differences in philosophy that existed during the two eras.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These two examples are important to understanding the clash that existed between the two ideas. For the most part, each era of time allows for only one of these theories when it comes to judging major events. It is very difficult for people to keep their internal virtue, while also doing something that exhibits public virtue. Instead, a choice must be made between the two. People must decide if they want to keep their own internal sanctity or do that which will benefit society at large. In the case of Jesus Christ, the internal virtue overcame any consideration of public virtue because the teachings of the Bible made it that way. The time of Julius Caesar and Brutus was ruled by a different code, so history looks kindly on his actions in their scope. This interesting paradox clearly shows how different societies view different actions in regards to their moral â€Å"goodness†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Internal virtue and public virtue are two very different ideas that were accepted in two very different times. Today’s society seems to have an understanding for both, whereas other times would only allow for one or the other. Today, respect can be found for people who keep the greater good in mind when they take action. By contrast, those people who do what is right for themselves seem to get places in today’s society, as well. The clash between the two is not nearly as strong or nearly as distinct today as it once was. Still, there are times when people have to make a choice between the two types of virtue and in those times, the choice can dictate how history views their action.

Successful Asian Businesses

Successful Asian Businesses 1. Introduction The aim of this report was to show the association of the global business strategy in the C.P. Group industry between of Thailand firm strategy and Multinational firm strategy. The C.P. Group is the one of Asia leading successfully businesses and affiliates within the agriculture business retail, real estate and telecommunication industries. Most of well-know food products to an Asia and European countries (Asian Institute of Technology 2009). This information is also linked in to the business overview of C.P. group industries, goal of business and through effective global company strategies. Moreover, this report has showed some most significant relevant of functional of the global business strategy has come into effect in the C.P. group industry system. 2. Company Background The C.P. group industry is now become to the one of the top of the fast growing industry in Asia (Best Industry Group 2009). There are selling farm products, agriculture products, operating retail supermarkets (TESCO Lotus, Seven-Eleven), international trading, telecommunications (True corporation), plastics, pet foods, automotive, industrial products, real estates and land development (Charoen Pokphand Group 2009). The C.P. Group was founded in 1921 by the two Chearavanont brothers named Ek Chor and Chorncharoen in the heart centre of Bangkoks China town in Thailand. The two brothers began by importing seed and vegetables from China and exporting pigs and eggs to Hong Kong. In 1951, they were ready to expand into other related line of businesses, reasoning quite rightly that the seeds they were selling to the farmers would produce to the raw material crops for animal feed and more importantly. China tailers would become their customers. In 1954, the Charoen Pokphand Feed mill was se t up for the C.P. Group later. The development was lead expansion along vertical integration line, beginning with poultry, followed by swine. Moreover, in 1990 the C.P. Group has become totally feed mill corporations in Thailand and region it has become to the list of the fifth largest trade mill producer in the world (C.P food worldwide 2009). Nowadays, while retaining strong links to its native country the group also trades and invests internationally with more than 100,000 employees worldwide. Applying to The Cultural Iceberg model (2004), (see in appendix 1) the C.P. Group has parts as organizational cultural thus; Surface Culture : the C.P. Group corporation is a well know as high profile food industries and other related line of businesses in Asia Hidden Culture: The CP Groups organization structure is vertical structure. In term of financial investment the CP Group investing at least THB 123.6 billion (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.5 billion) between 2008 to 2013, in a wide range of businesses including telecoms, property, banking and retail (Business Trade in Asia 2009) 3. Situation Analysis 3.1 Business Environment Macro Environment Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is very significant for CP Group industry to analyse Macro environment. Macro environment consist of Political, Economic, Social-cultural and technology factor. It will affect for CP Group business in Thailand. Political Thailand has unstable political environment effect from the political problem people are divided in two groups, one group support to the previous government another group support to the present government. Moreover, the 2009 group protests are also happening in Thailand. Thailand has a parliamentary democracy. Thai legal is follow by civil law concepts, which accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservation. Thailand enjoys international trade and investment, which has signed free trade agreements with several countries, including Thailand (FTA) and also a member of organizations such as WTO (Economist 2009). Economic In terms of its economy Thailand has low GDP rate (see appendix 3) effect from political problem. Thais economy is dominated by the agriculture product and travels (Thai Export Products 2009). Thais economy is expected to slow down in 2009 due to the political problem, global financial market issues and decrease in domestic demand. Moreover, the consumer price inflation seems to be a big problem. However, in term of trading it is still one of the great economic countries in South East Asia (Popline 2009) Socio-Culture Thailand is an unstable society that effect from political problem. Buddhist has become to the main religion follow by Islamic and Christian. There are around 64 million people are living in Thailand in 2009. The official national language is Thai. In term of developing countries, Thai people have a normal quality of physical environment, lifestyle and education (Thailand board of investment 2009). Technology Technology and infrastructure play a vital role in the Thailand economy. Its infrastructure is very good but the pollution problem seem to be the big issues in Thailand because lack of technology to control the pollution such as the water pollution from industrial areas. However, Thailand is the one of leader in term of communication and IT services. 4. Core Source of strategy Nowadays, Charoen Pokphand Group is the biggest food company in Thailand which has invested and managed in numerous industries in both domestic and international. Agribusiness is mainly rooted of company to penetrate directly to international market. There are three benefit philosophy of company to do business including benefit to the Country, People and Company. ( CP company 2009) The company believes in six guiding principle as they make the company different from competitor and they also useful for company to corporate in culture. The guiding principles consist of Professionalism, Product innovation, Customer satisfaction, Versatility and adaptability, Quality products at lowest prices and Dedication and loyalty of the workforce. The mission of company is to energize the body and mind of communities to which we serve. Energizing the body consist of cultivating and processing crop products for animal feed, production and further processing of livestock and aquaculture products , providing channel of food consumption thought food service and retail outlets. Energizing the mind comprise of providing integrated communication and content service through fixed, wireless and cable networks. ( CP company 2009) 4.1 Global Strategy CP has promoted as the first truly Thai global company which is planning to expand business slowly but confidently. (Bangkok Post 2003) CP focus to do RD to analysis the target market before doing business in particular countries. (Umesh 2006) In addition, the company has more focus on logistic and distribution to be an important component for future growth. (Bangkok Post 2003) The company has granted franchise of 7-11 Inc in US to operate in Thailand. Nowadays, CP 7-11 network is the forth largest retails business in the worlds which there are more than 4,000 retails in Thailand. Moreover, the company has expanded their 7-11 networks to China and has the plan to get the license to set up 7-Eleven in Vietnam and Cambodia. (Jitpleecheep 2002) In terms of Tesco Lotus, it is a jointventure between CP Company and Tesco from the UK, it was the hypermarket of CP Company in both Thailand and China. Since 2003, CP Company had sold the share of Tesco Lotus in Thailand to Tesco because the Com pany want to focus on 7-11. However, the company has kept the share of Tesco Lotus in China by operating under Lotus trademark. (CP company 2003) The Company also is planning to be a sponsor in Premier League team which can represent CP brand in the global market and create brand awareness before its competitors. (About CP company 2009) The company is planning to expand 7-11 convenience storage and Lotus in particular country as it can help company to develop in logistics sector and also help the company to distribute their products. (Bangkok Post 2003) The company expects to expand 7-Eleven convenience stores by setting up more than 1000 outlets at PTT service station which is the largest fuel product retailer in Thailand. (Jitpleecheep 2002) Moreover, the company has used the strategic to make the difference in the retails by offering a new service to customers. In addition, CP have managed 500 shops of CP Fresh Mart shops worldwide and planning to expand to 700 shops within 2011.( (Bangkok Post 2002) In terms of CPs food industry, the company has integrated as a agro-business operator which provides production technology, aquaculture practices and also have product traceability system. (Charoen 2005) The company has promoted CPs food safety standard to increase consumers confident and to complete in global market. CP expects to increase fresh eggs export business to support raising demand of consumers in Hong Kong, Africa and the Middle East.(Bangkok Post 2009) CP also expects to increase rice export from Thailand to many destinations. Thus, the company has to expand their rices supplier (millers) as the company does not mill rice by itself, the Company buys the rice and repack under Royal Umbrella brand.(Walailak 2008) 4.2 CPs strategy in China Since 1979, CP had established in China which received the first business registration certificate from Chinese government to set up the shop in specific economic zone located in Shenzhen. (CP company 2009) The company used Agribusiness as a concept to expand their business and to increase living standard. Moreover, CP Company also provided motorcycles, telecommunication, beer brewing, petrochemical and retail in China which employed more than 15,000 peoples. The company had the strategy to make a joint ventures with local company and farmer in every province to expand their business. In terms of, motorcycles sector, the company owned 70 percent of EK Chor China Motorcycle and was the first company in China on Wall Street since 1993.(Louise 1996) In 1994, the company produced more than 900,000 motorcycles. Moreover, CP had opened the first lotus Super centers in 1996 and also had the bank in Shanghai to cooperate with 4,000 SME which supplied the goods for Lotus. Nowadays, the company has more confident to increase an investment since China had joint with WTO. CP Company has invested in China more than 30 years which more than 40 percent of revenue came from China market.(Bangkok Post 2009) The Company has invested to increase the retails and its property development especially in Shanghai (Pudong), the company built up Super Brand Mall which is the biggest Asia entertainment 0complex to support high purchasing power of 160,000 shoppers.(Walailak 2007) Moreover, CP company is expected to raise in sale volume in both Lotus and Shopping mall about 13 percent within 2009. (Bangkok Post 2009) In terms of motorcycles sectors, the company focus to increase their market in Chinas provinces in stead of focusing in big city such as Beijig and Shanghai that motorcycles are not permitted to drive inner the city. As high competitive of manufacture in this sector, CP Company decided to reduce to price from 10,000 to 4,500 yuan per unit to stay in the mark et. (Thapanachai 2002) 4.3 CPs SWOT analysis Strengths High product quality The Charoen Pokphand Group (CP) has high reputation in marketplace in Thailand by using Agribusiness to be a concept for business. CP products have high quality and reliable which are be classified in high class products and they are acceptable in market. Strong policies to maintain organization growing The company focuses on theirs human resource management to maintain their company standard by promoting staff aged between 20-30 years and to give the chance for them to create idea and to run departments. The company also has job evaluations from psychometric testing and training program. Moreover, the company had set the long-term goal to be a guild line for employee to prepare themselves to achieve to objective.( (Bangkok Post 2003) Understanding the need of major market to raise living standard Thailand is land of agriculture which farmer is a majority occupation in the country. Company focuses on agriculture to be the core business by offering the seeds to farmer and provides retailer to buy the crop after harvesting. The company has integrated industrial farming. the six major steps carried out by CP were seed production, animal husbandry, animal production, food processing and marketing. All activities make the company to monopolies the agriculture market. Diversity of CP business CP has diversified the business to more than one business area that can help the company to reduce the risk. The company is not only to deal business in food industry but also to manage in telecommunications industry and to provide the retail such as 7-Eleven and Lotus to expand their food products.(Charoen 2006) Competitive price The company has used mass products to reduce the cost and to expand the market for the products. (Umseh 2007) Weaknesses Low profitability In the recent years, CPF profitability has been decreased against the increasing of revenues to over 7.9% in 2006 to 2007. Moreover, both operating profit margin and the net profit margin declined from 3.9% to 2.9% and 2% to 0.9% from 2006 to 2007 respectively. Profitability decreasing represent that the company lack of control over an operating and it can make the company to realize its growth plans. (Business Source Complete 2008) Over dependence on Thailand market More than 86% of CP products had been sold in Thailand in the recently year, it represents that the company have more concern with Thais economy. Therefore, the fluctuation in Thailand might bring negative to companys revenues.(Walailak 2007) Opportunities Increasing exports of value added meat products After the spread of Bird Flu, some countries such as Europe and Japan have banned the import of uncooked meat from Thailand thus CP company has improved theirs uncooked meat products by adding value to be cooked meat products including egg boiled in herbs, grilled chicken, duck and sauced duck. On 2006, the cooked meat export worldwide had raised by 20-30% and the demand is expected to increase globally.(Charoen 2006) Free Trade Agreement between Thailand, Australia and New Zealand The Agreement have changed the company to be more competitive in Australian and New Zealand market. It brings the great benefit for company to improve the assessment to agriculture product such as mangosteen, longan, lychee and coconut.(Walailak 2007) Threats Increasing of vegetarianism trend. The increasing health awareness of consumers drive the increasing demand to consume low carbohydrate and low calorie foods which affect to the increasing demand of vegetarian foods worldwide. The vegetarian food market worldwide is estimated to growth around $1,700 million within 2010 and Asia people are changing to become vegetarian. The vegetarianism trend might effect the sale volume of poultry and meat. ((Business Source Complete 2008) Bird and swine flu Flues become the important factor that affect the sale volume of company in both domestic and global market. In Thailand, Bird flue has hit domestic sales of chicken which chickens price went down 31 percent to approximately 24 baht per kg. In terms of global market, both European and Japan had ban the import of fresh meat from Thailand.(Charoen 2005) 5. Issues 5.1 Global Financial Crisis The financial and economic crisis in the US impacts other export markets, especially Europe and Japan. Thailand mainly export to the US, Europe and Japan. Overall Thailands exports are expected to drop at least 10 percent. This situation also impact on Thailands food exports. Thus, CP would invest in new market such as Africa, the Middle East, India and Eastern Europe, especially Russia and Ukraine. However, CP would face difficulty in expanding their business (Thai News Service, 2008). 5.2 EU quota changes CP will face pressure because EU wants to modify tariff quota for processed poultry in 2009. Currently, EU had given Thailand a export quota allocation of 252,643 tonnes. It consists of 160,033 tonnes for processed chicken and 92,610 tonnes for salted poultry. Under the quota, the tariff is 8% of the price per tonne. For chicken exported above the quota, the tariff is 53% (Thai News Service, 2009). CP was closely monitoring this problem because it might impact the companys poultry export. For this situation, Thai government is talking with the EU for maintaining or increasing the countrys export quota of processed poultry. CP will offer other trade benefits in exchange. Nevertheless, if Thai government cannot achieve the positive result in the negotiation, CPs current sales will not be affected much but it may reduce CPs chance to increase export volumes to the EU in the long term (Bangkok Post, 2009). 5.3 Bird flu After the bird flu outbreak, many countries, especially Europe and Japan, have banned the uncooked meat from Thailand. It impacts on the CPs uncooked meat exports. However, the growing global concerns the bird flu will increase the focus on cooked food and seafood products. CP is expected to sell these products 200 billion baht in 2010. Currently, cooked food, especially Thai ready-to-eat meals, gain a good response from consumers in the US, Europe and Australia. Moreover, CP will increase its fish and shrimp products in the domestic and international markets. Due to many consumers have more awareness of quality and food safety. Thus, CP should increase branding campaigns and consumer education in order to emphasize the firms food safety standards (Kittikanya, 2005). 5.4 Lack of managerial staff in China CP launched the first Lotus Supercenter in China in 1998. Now, CP has 79 Lotus outlets in China. Currently, CP stops expanding of Lotus because of a lack of managerial staff. Moreover, CP changes strategy to improve the operational efficiency. CP plans to allow local staff to make the product that is suitable for customer in each province because China is huge (Keeratipipatpong, 2007). 6. Conclusion Charoen Pokphand Group (CP) expands their business worldwide. Especially in China, CP is the largest food foreign company and also provides many kinds of product. Moreover, the development was lead expansion along vertical lines such as agriculture products, retail supermarkets (7-11 and Lotus), telecommunication, real -estate development and automotive products. CP expands their business slowly and confidently by using logistics and distribution as a key for hypermarket, it usually makes a joint venture with a local company to do the business in particular countries. CP also uses RD to analysis the target market. In addition, the company focuses on logistics and distribution. Nowadays, China is big international market for CPs products because there is high consumption from future increasing of Chinese population. Thus, this is an opportunity for CP company to increase the sale volume, brand awareness and this is a significant challenge for the next step of companys growing. Bibliographies About Charoen Pokphand Group 2009, Charoen Pokphand Group, viewed 12 September 2009, http://www.cpthailand.com/ Charoen, K 2005, CPF shifts to cooked and seafood produce, eyes higher sales, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 10 Nov, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W60773310804, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Charoen, K 2006, CPF to tap rising Russian demand, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 7 July, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W62W6736640724, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited 2008, Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited SWOT Analysis, p1-8,8p, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, AN34307048, viewed 1 Sep 2009. Charoen Pokphand Group 2009, About CP, viewed 1 Sep 2009, http://www.cpthailand.com/AboutCP/tabid/216/Default.aspx Charoen Pokphand Group 2009, Charoen Pokphand in China viewed 12 September 2009, http://www.cpthailand.com/CorporateCommunications/pageNewsroom/tabid/107/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/163/Default.aspx CP food worldwide 2009, Inside CP Group, viewed 12 September 2009, http://www.cpfworldwide.com/ CP revamps Lotus network in China 2009, Bangkok Post, 25 July, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W6519933027, viewed 4 Sep 2009. Economist 2009, Thailands political crisis: Dousing the flames, view 12 September 2009, http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13496330 Food safety allows CP to expand egg enterise 2009, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 18 Nov, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W62W63112895133, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Head of Thai Agri-Product Maker Aims to Go Fully Global, 2003, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 21 Jan, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN 2W63013363186, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Jitpleecheep, S 2002, Thai Group Seeks Licences to Open 7-Eleven Stores in Cambodia, Vietnam, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 28 Sep, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W61784931632, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Keeratipipatpong, W 2007, CP to list mall on Shanghai bourse: IPO proceeds to fund expansion in China, Bangkok Post (Thailand), Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCOhost, AN 2W64141647244, viewed 16 September 2009. Kittikanya, C 2005, CPF shifts to cooked and seafood produce, eyes higher sales, Bangkok Post (Thailand), Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCOhost, AN 2W60773310804, viewed 11 September 2009. Louise, L 1996, Thai company putting more chihens on Chinas tables, Chinatown News, issued 10, p20, 2p, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, AN9606155618, viewed 5 Sep 2009. Popline organization 2009, Country watch: Thailand, view 11 September 2009, http://www.popline.org/docs/1346/148699.html Poultry firms eye EU quota changes 2009, Bangkok Post, 10 August, Factiva, Document BKPOST0020090809e58a000k9, viewed 10 September 2009. Thai Food Company Announces New China Strategy, 2002, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 23 May, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN 2W60495805783, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Thailand board of investment 2009, Social and Culture inside Thailand, view 12 September 2009, http://www.boi.go.th/english/how/social_and_culture.asp Thailand: Charoen Pokphand executive predicts economic downturn to last at least 2 years 2008, Thai News Service, 1 October, Factiva, Document THAINS0020081001e4a10005q, viewed 16 September 2009. Thailands Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF): Updates on 2 key issues 2009, Thai News Service, 12 August, Factiva, Document THAINS0020090811e58c000ad, viewed 10 September 2009. Thailands CP Group Investment 2009, Business Trends Asia, viewed 12 September 2009, http://www.cpfworldwide.com/cpd/en/page/ir/financial_information.aspx Thapanachai, S 2002, Thai Motorcycle Output to Rise Six-Fold, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 16 July, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN 2W62415351361, viewed 4Sep 2009. The top of the fast growing industry in Asia 2007, Best Industry Group Co.,Ltd, view 10 September 2009, http://www.best-industry.com/ Umesh, P 2006, CP leads the way overseas, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 18 Nov, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN 2W62W62277444032, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Umesh, P 2007, CP executive says risky move to China nearly 30 years ago has paid off, Bangkok Post(Thailand), 20 Jan, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W61968696986, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Visit of CP Group 2009, Asian Institute of Technology, viewed 10 September 2009, http://www.careercenter.ait.ac.th/ Walailak, K 2007, CP to list mall on Shanghai bourse: IPO proceeds to fund expansion in China, 29 Oct, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W64141647244, viewed 4 Sep 2009. Walailak, K 2007, CP unit taps demand overseas: hybrid corn projects in China also Bangkok Post(Thailand), 5 Mar, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W61899741503, viewed 3 Sep 2009. Walailak, K 2008, CP Intertrade rushes rice-processing plant Bangkok Post(Thailand), 21 April, Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre, EBSCO host, AN2W6343344675, viewed 1 Sep 2009.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy :: Psychology, Depression, Mental Disorder

Introduction This essay aims to critically evaluate one therapeutic intervention in psychology, named, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). It begins with defining CBT and discussing the underlying principles and concepts of this approach. Some examples of treating psychological disorders by employing a CBT approach in children and adolescents will be made and then, It will move on to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic intervention. The review will be finished by a conclusion regarding employing such approach. What is CBT? Modern CBT has been influenced by two major therapeutic approaches: firstly, ‘Behaviour Therapy’ as developed by Wolpe and others in 1950s and 1960s; and secondly, ‘Cognitive Therapy’ which was developed by A.T. Beck in the 1960s. As defined by Emery & Tracy (1987), CBT is â€Å"a series of strategies that relieve psychological suffering by correcting distorted and maladaptive thinking. The therapy is based on a theory of psychopathology that recognises the reciprocal interrelationship among the cognitive, behavioural, somatic and emotional systems†. Although CBT is often referred to as a unitary treatment, it is actually a diverse collection of complex and subtle interventions that must each be mastered and understood from the social learning perspective (Reinecke, Dattilio, & Freeman, 2003). According to Graham (2005), CBT aims to change a patient’s unhealthy behaviour through examining assumptions behind the thought patterns (cognitive restruction) and also through using behaviour therapy techniques. In CBT, therapist and patient work with each other to identify the thoughts that may cause distress, and the therapist employs behavioural therapy techniques to modify the resulting behaviour. It aims to address patients’ certain fundamental core beliefs (schemas) that lead to negative influences on their behaviour and functioning (Rufer et al, 2000). CBT is the treatment option for some mental disorders, such as depression, dissociative identity disorder, eating disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, hypochondriasis, insomnia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and panic disorder without agoraphobia (Clark, 1986). In contrast, as Flannery-Schroeder & Kendall (2000) describe, CBT is an inappropriate treatment option for some patients. Patients with significant cognitive impairments (for example patients with traumatic brain injury or organic brain disease) and individuals who are not willing to take an active role in the therapy and treatment process are not desirable candidates. Principles of CBT: The cognitive principle: the core idea of the cognitive element of CBT is based on looking at different interpretations which people make of events (Graham, 2005). It basically highlights that when two people react differently in a situation, it is because they feel and see the event differently and gives different ‘meaning’ to it.

Elements Contributing to Othellos Role of the Tragic Hero Essay

Elements Contributing to Othello's Role of the Tragic Hero What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is the protagonist in the play who usually is faced with some opposing force whether internal or external. In order to be a tragic hero, one has to have the following characteristics: (1) be a nobleman, prince, or person of high estate; (2) have a tragic flaw, and a weakness in judgement; and (3) fall from high to low estate. These can be seen in Shakespeare's "Othello" which discusses the downfall of a noble man because of his flaws that are not actually defects in itself, but rather the excess of a virtue. All throughout this paper, I will discuss how Othello was being said as a nobleman and how his attributes became his tragic flaws that caused his downfall. We can say that Othello is a nobleman because of the respect brought forth by the people of Cyprus in the first scene of the second act, when Montano, the Governor of Cyprus, is awaiting the arrival of Othello's ship, he remarked: " Pray heaven he be, For I have served him, and the man commands Like a full soldier†¦ As to throw out our eyes for brave Othello†¦" (II.i.36-40) In this text, we can see that he is a proven leader of men and known for his military knowledge and skills. As a matter of fact, his soldiers hold him in awe, and throughout the play he is referred to as a captain whom do his comrades respect. On the other hand, his noble attributes such as self-confidence, generous trust and love became the perfect concoction which eventually lead to his destruction. In other words his positive attributes are responsible for bringing out his negative side, his flaws in character. In the case of his self-confidence, it is clear at first that... ...struction in Othello himself of all the ordering powers of love, of trust, of the bond between human beings. Obviously Othello portrays the characteristics of a tragic hero. He clearly was a man of nobility, of noble character and held in a very high estate. He was discussed in this play by displaying his positive traits which man continues to search for in order to fulfill a happy life. His traits quickly came crashing down because of character flaws in other people such as deceit, fraud, selfishness, hatred, and a deep desire for revenge. Following Othello's trust for his good friend Iago, he clearly demonstrated flaws in the forms of judgments, jealousy, loss of self-control and his lack of self confidence in himself. All this eventually lead to the murder of Desdemona whom he continued to love through the end and his own eventual self inflicted death.

Rabbit Proof Fence Speech Essay

Assessment Task- ) Good morning class, today I will tell you why it is extremely important for students to study texts that represent a variety of cultures. The films I have deconstructed to convey my points are â€Å"Bend it like Beckham†, directed by Gurinder Chadha and â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence†, directed by Phillip Noyce. The cultural concepts explained in these movies are the early 1900s British culture and how dominant and cruel they were, the aboriginal Australians and how they were treated badly, the Indian culture and how much their traditions matter to them and the modern British culture which is carefree. These texts are important to study as they give us a better rounded, less biased education as students can be taught to understand and accept people are different and learn how different cultures were treated throughout history. It is important that we study films from a variety of cultures because students nowadays need to understand and accept that people are different. This is shown in a scene in the Rabbit Proof Fence where Mise en scene, there is the aboriginal tracker on the horse approaching the English man in the car when they had attempted to flank the girls. Technology defines this world and the huge step up from animal to machine shows a great difference in culture and should be noted. The film technique of aerial helicopter views greatly shows how much the aboriginal spirit birds mean to them and their culture as this signalled the bird watching over them and protecting. This is in contrast to most shots of the â€Å"dominant white males† being angled up at them to show their power and how their desire is to be the dominant race. This is a terrible attitude and students must learn that all people are equal and studying films designed to give empathy to the victims is a good way to teach that. Another difference in culture that is shown in a film is in Bend it Like Beckham when all the soccer girls are in the change room and one of the girls questions jess on â€Å"how she can stand getting married to someone just cause you are told to by your parents†. Jess responds with â€Å"it’s just culture†. Students need to learn that people and their cultures are different and I believe that watching films with people with cultures that are ever so different, living side by side, will better students and give them a sounder less biased education. Films that show a variety of cultures, I believe should be taught to students because i t help  students to have a better historical understanding of how people have been treated. This is important as student must learn from the mistakes of our elders who in the past have treated some cultures with total disrespect. The movie rabbit proof gives us a good insight into the way the aboriginal culture was poorly treated in the early 1900s. The film technique of a shot angled up at the protector, as he is talking to Molly when the two first meet, portrays the emotions of fear, hatred and hopelessness as there isn’t much Molly can do to him. This film techniques shows the fear and helpless ness of the aboriginals who in the past were treated very horribly by the British. Students should study films like this because it helps open their eyes to how people were treated in the past, These two reasons is why I believe that students must be taught films that represent a variety of cultures. Using the films Bend it Like Beckham and Rabbit Proof Fence I have provided examples as to how they can be useful. These movies can teach students to be more accepting of other cultures and teach them how some cultures were treated in the past. Thank you everyone for listening and I hope you’ve considered what I’ve said.

Love what you do and do what you love Essay

If you love what you do and do what you love; every man would find his life a joyful encounter and thus would agree to what Helen Hayes says, ‘if we rest, we rust’. Everyone has an ‘Eros’, a life-wish as they say, which fuels us to unveil the magnificent canvas of our dreams. If Mr. Ram Chandran, a top notch management adviser, whose daily planner inflects that he has appointment even when he is airborne with the person seated next to him, did even think that he needed rest, he would have to wait for a five good years! As his calendar entries are occupied till then. When asked for his stress and mental strength levels due to his busy schedule all that he advised to the young generation was that if you don’t have time to get bored, you pretty much don’t been need rest ! If we have a planned schedule for today and tomorrow, why should there ever be a need where in our minds say ‘Enough for the day, I am loosing it all, I think i need restâ €™. I wish to see myself teaching at one of the finest universities across the globe, and in order that i achieve what i have visualized, an equal amount of hard work and perseverance is required. If you are an ‘employee’ you take leaves to take ‘rest’, but when you are working for none but yourself you are the ‘employer’ and employees and self- believers believe in one common inner will which says, ‘if it takes madness to reach, where you want , be mad!’ Our mind is considered to be one of the most dynamic substances existing today! To let it rest would be to subject it to the vulnerabilities, which not only will affect our professional lives, but also our inner strengths and abilities! Things have their value, when they are best put to use! Things have been their value, when they are constantly being demanded for! And it holds true even for one body. Then be it for the attainment of luxurious professional lives or satisfying one’s soul, a constant up gradation, an undeniable change, a relentless dynamism is critical  I entirely agree with this statement: â€Å"If you rest, you rust.† In fact, I had seen my friend who had failed to the test by his sluggish. Also, I had been seen two of South Korea Presidents: Mr. Noh and Mr Park. My friend was top 10 student at Korean High School. He and I had competed each other in Academics since I was top 10 as well. He always, however, had surpassed me by two or three place until he indulge himself in indolence. I saw depravity of my friend; he was too confident by himself and did not study as hard as  before he did. He thought he can still be top 10 without study hard. He always played game, met girlfriend, and smoked even during the final period. I felt as if a cloud settled over him. After final, a teacher gave the students their transcript. He failed. I got top 10. Another example, there were two South Korea Presidents who had succeed and failed. Mr. Park, at first, who was the President in 1970 was army in South Korea, and he got power by a military coup. He, at that time, was condemned by nation. However, Mr. Park did so many good things during his period. Especially, his project, known as â€Å"New Region Project†, was praised by all nation. This project had brought up South Korea’s economy. According to â€Å"Jo Sun Il Bo†, which is the famous newspaper in South Korea at that time, South Korea’s GDP, Gross Donation Products, was risen from 7,000 dollars to 9600 dollars. All these things could have happened by his assiduous work. In contrast, Mr. Noh who was President in 2002 to 2007 was took criticism by his indolence. Simply, he did not do anything during his period. He even went to movie theater to watch movie with his wife. The most worst thing is that he said he want to abdicate and be a farmer without any burden although he actually did nothing. For these reasons, the nation confidence degree of Mr. Noh had been falling by 22% in 2007. Once people be indolence, then they do not want to do anything, and this sloth make them to be rust. My friend and Mr. Noh had corrupted by their idleness. If you rest, you must be rust..

Economic midterm

SST. Charles Hospital, located in an upper-income neighborhood of a large city, recently received a restored mansion as a gift from an appreciative patient. The board of directors decided to remodel the mansion and use It as recuperative quarters for patients willing to pay a premium for luxurious accommodations. The cost to the hospital of using the mansion includes Selected Answer: d. Both b and c Question 2 O out of 0. 5 points Which of the following statements Is false? Selected Answer: c. D If economic profit is positive, accounting profit must also be positive. Question 3Economic profit is the best measure of a firm's performance because the opportunity cost of using ALL resources Is subtracted from total revenue. Question 4 Mallory decides to spend three hours working overtime rather than watching a video with her friends. She earns $8 an hour. Her opportunity cost of working is the enjoyment she would have received had she watched the video. Question 5 Russell spends an hour studying Instead of playing tennis. The opportunity cost to him of studying is Selected Answer: c. The enjoyment and exercise he would have received had he played tennis. OF 22 Economic profit Selected Answer: a. Al never exceed accounting profit. Question 7 Bee is opening her own court-reporting business. She financed the business by withdrawing money from her personal savings account. When she closed the account, the bank representative mentioned that she would have earned $300 in interest next year. If Bee hadn't opened her own business, she would have earned a salary of $25,000. In her first year, Bees revenues were $30,000. Which of the following statements is correct? Selected Answer: c. B Bees total explicit costs are $25,300. Question 8 Suppose that the firm's only variable input is labor.When 50 workers are used, the average product of labor is 50 and the marginal product of labor is 75. The wage rate is $80 and the total cost of the fixed input is $500. What is average var iable cost? Selected Answer: b. $1. 60 Question 9 Suppose that you run a house-painting company and currently have 2 workers painting a total of 4 houses per month. If you hire a third worker, 6 houses can be painted per month. If you hire a fourth worker, 9 houses can be painted, and a fifth and sixth worker will increase the number of houses painted to 13 and 15, respectively. Diminishing returns Selected Answer: set in when the sixth worker is hired.Question 10 When marginal cost is rising, average variable cost Selected Answer: a. D must be rising. Lorry's Lunchmeats is a small street vendor business. If Larry makes 15 pretzels in his first hour of business and incurs a total cost of $16. 50, his average total cost per pretzel is $1. 10. Question 12 At all levels of production higher than the point where the marginal cost curve crosses the average variable cost curve, average variable cost rises. Question 13 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce i nstructional materials for disabled children in public school districts.Then the Selected Answer: b. A Question 18 Consumer surplus all of the above Question 19 Suppose a frost destroys much of the Florida orange corp.. At the same time, suppose consumer tastes shift toward orange Juice. What would we expect to happen to the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for orange Juice? Price will increase, quantity is indeterminate (may increase or decrease). Question 20 You lose your Job and, as a result, you buy fewer romance novels. This shows that you consider romance novels to be a(n) Selected Answer: c. A luxury good.Question 21 Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it. Question 22 Which cell in the following table represents an increase in equilibrium quantity and an indeterminate change in equilibrium price? An Increase in Supply An Increase in Demand A A Decrease in Supply Selected Answer: b. D c Qu estion 23 An example off price floor is Selected Answer: a. B rent control. Question 24 Which of these statements best represents the law of demand? When the price of a good decreases, buyers purchase more of the good.Question 25 In the housing market, rent control causes quantity supplied to fall and quantity demanded to rise. Question 26 If the market price of eggs rises at the same time as the market quantity of eggs researches decreases, this could have been caused by a decrease in supply with no change in demand. Question 27 Question 28 Use the following demand and supply functions to answer the following question: Demand: Q = 50 – UP supply SQ = 20 + UP If the price is $10, there is a surplus of 30 units. Question 29 Which of the following will cause an increase in consumer surplus? Technological improvement in the production of the good Question 30 Suppose you are in charge of setting prices at a local sandwich shop. The business needs to increase its total revenue and your Job is on the line. If the demand for sandwiches is elastic, you Selected Answer: d. C should not change the price of sandwiches. Question 31 Merrill's income elasticity of demand for football tickets is 1. 50. All else equal, this means that if her income increases by 20 percent, she will buy 30 percent more football tickets.Question 32 Which of the following could be the cross-price elasticity of demand for two goods that are complements? Question 33 Selected Answer: d. B demand is inelastic and supply is elastic. Question 34 When we move upward and to the left along a linear, downward-sloping demand curve, price elasticity of demand Selected Answer: b. C always becomes smaller. Question 35 When the price of bubble gum is $0. 50, the quantity demanded is 400 packs per day. When the price falls to $0. 40, the quantity demanded increases to 600.Given this information and using the midpoint method, we know that the demand for bubble gum is elastic. Question 36 At age 40, Joe is considering quitting his Job and going back for a college degree. He needs two more years full-time. Tuition is $10,000 per year. He earns $30,000 per year. A college degree would raise his annual income by $10,000 per year. He will retire at age 70. From an investment standpoint, Joe will go back full-time if Selected Answer: a 10,000 x > 40,000 x Question 37 Martha and Sarah have the same preferences and incomes.Just as Martha arrived at the theater to see a play, she discovered that she had lost the $10 ticket she had purchased earlier. Sarah Just arrived at the theater planning to buy a ticket to see the same play when she discovered that she had lost a $10 bill from her wallet. If both Martha and Sarah are rational and both still have enough money to pay for a ticket, which one of the following statements is correct? Martha and Sarah will take the same action (either to pay for another ticket or not to ay) because the ticket lost or $10 lost is a sunk cost and it should not fa ctor into their decisions.Because bagels and cream cheese are often eaten together, they are complements. Suppose we observe that the equilibrium price of cream cheese has risen but the equilibrium quantity of bagels has fallen. Which of the following explanations is consistent with these changes in the bagels and cream cheese markets? Price of milk increased. Question 39 complements. Suppose we observe that both the equilibrium price of cream cheese and the equilibrium quantity of bagels have increased. Which of the following Price of flour decreased.

Computerized Inventory System Essay

Introduction Rationale Inventory systems are tracking systems that inform the amount of raw materials, supplies or final products have readily available. Updated each time you sell an item or use raw materials to create and to know what you available for the following day or week. This type of system allows ordering products in advance, so you have everything you need at all times. Man has come along his way in doing business transactions with each other. Inventory system put you a head in game. It helps you conduct business transactions with ease as you have to press a few keys. It liberates you from a countless paper works as computation of the day’s scale and keeping track of inventory done automatically. Technology has influenced and greatly simplified almost in every aspect of life today. It is amazing what technology has done to our society and how dependent we have on it. Having computers in the workplace has enabled the business to us more efficiently and has contributed in having an all around. As what we have observed in the Paper Mill they are using manual method in inventory in each item that can take time and effort. With these things, we, the researchers, hope that upon the completion of this â€Å"Proposed Computerization in Inventory System† will find it of company. Through the use of system, unnecessary loss of the time spent on the computation of payments will be minimized and greater customer’s satisfaction will be achieved. Background of the Study In 1984 Danao Paper Mill was down due to economic declined and  management of the Durano Company, that time they will produced 65 grams per meter of paper for cement packaging used only and during that time also it was loan to a certain bank sequestration follow for they have no longer pay the capital and interest. Therefore the bank make an auction, will things won’t be easy to acquire this plant due to reconsider it will take time to pass and win the bidding but later the bank grant and award the ownership to Mr. Frederick Ong. Then it was the rehabilitation in year 2000 till mid of 2002, from 2002 mid completion of the rehabilitation, will then to start paper mill operation are far enough due to lack of permits, secure of necessary permits would be lately approved by different government agencies and from 2002 to June 06, 2006 officially the paper mill start the operation for four years of procuring the permits to operate. Inventory is basically the total amount of goods and materials held in stock by a factory, store and other business. An inventory system is a process whereby a business keeps track of the goods and material it has available. In its simplest sense it can be done manually by a count at the end of each day. In this way it is possible to keep a record of the goods coming in to the business and goods being sold. The same case applies in Paper Mill Inc. and as a result, the inventory system becomes prone to human error and would be more time consuming and security is also being risked. Since manual inventory consumes a lot of time and is susceptible to errors, it would be helpful to build a system that will automate the transactions from acquisition of the product description to updating the inventory database. The automated inventory system will improve employees’ work efficiency by automating routinely and time consuming tasks such as the time spent in taking down product information. As a result, the time can be used in more productive activities. The accuracy of the current system will also be improved, since the automated inventory system would eliminate the need of constantly encoding length details of products by having an inventory database. Theoretical Framework The team proposed the Computerized Inventory System is the volitional break of the operative material flow; and thus deliberately composed stocks develop. Inventory System needs a storage that means a room, building or area to store the item. The in-pouring items are called storage input, the outpouring items are called storage output. Therefore inventory system contains all activities and considers all consequences, which are connected with the storage of items. On the one hand there is the mere technical and logistical aspect of inventory system, for example the storage layout. On the other hand there are general questions, which are related to the total stock of a company. One of the most important decisions is about the quantity of inventories. Therefore a lot of mathematical models have been developed, which are summarized under the concept of Inventory system within the scope of Operations Research. For the stock of a retail market the outflow is induced through customer sales and the replenishment is secured through orders. The stock disposal therefore consists of ordering the right quantity (lot size) at the right time. Less order produces less order costs; but for a higher level of order quantity the storage costs rise. The advantage of a great inventory is that there is a high level of service and most customer requirements can be fulfilled. Real (short term) inventory problems are those, who deal with order costs, storage costs and the service level. Problems of long term inventory system do not belong to this issue, because the order costs are considered global and not for each order. The situation is similar with intermediate storages. This storage is strongly bound to production and we cannot speak of a proper inventory problem. But the results of inventory system theory can be used for the disposal of intermediate storages. Conceptual Framework Handling stocks in every organization is an important issue in every  business. A well structured inventory system would give the organization proper control of their stocks. This study will be using the input-process-output diagram to come up with a computerized inventory system for Paper Mill Inc. Input The first variable is the current inventory system of PMI as provided based on interviews and observations by the researchers. It will include policies and procedures provided by the management currently implemented for purchasing, receiving, storage, issuing and reporting of inventory. Process After identifying the inputs, the current inventory system of PMI will be evaluated using the SWOT analysis. After the strengths and weaknesses of the current system are identified, the computerization of the current inventory system of PMI will follow. During this phase, management and accounting theories, concepts, and techniques will be followed to enhance the current system. Also, the organizational requirements of PMI will be taken into consideration for the enhancement. Before the final output, feedback from the management will be taken for comments and suggestions to be added for the final output. Output The output will be the result of the careful analysis and discussion of the researchers and the client’s management. The output will be a computerized inventory system for PMI to be recommended for the client. Fig. 1.4 Conceptual Frameworks Statement of the Problem General problem of the Paper Mill is the inefficiently rate of manually mandating a system or necessary manual inventory system is widely known due to the time consumed of manually recording of the transactions being done, security of data is at risk, and inaccuracy of data. The authors considered the problems encountered in using manual inventory system. Significance of the Study The system will provide the owner and the employees faster recording of transactions and counting of their supplies. It will also offer a much efficient and reliable system that can record their transactions digitally. Since they are using manually, the said system will help great to them. In business transaction, time is very important, having the traditional way of computing and recording would take time, and the purpose of this system is to lessen this time and spend it in much more important matters.